Japanese Lesson 9: Adjectives
Adjectives
- Types: い‑adjectives & な‑adjectives
- Forms: たかい → たかくない
- Practice: describe your room or city
Two Types of Japanese Adjectives
Japanese has two adjective categories:
い‑adjectives (end in い)
ex: たかい (tall / expensive)
い‑Adjectives
These end in い and conjugate by changing that final い.
✔️ Dictionary Form
たかい — tall / expensive
Conjugation Chart (い‑Adjectives)
1. Negative (not ~)
Drop い → add くない
たかい → たかくない
tall → not tall
2. Past (was ~)
Drop い → add かった
たかい → たかかった
was tall
3. Past Negative (was not ~)
Drop い → add くなかった
たかい → たかくなかった
was not tall
4. Adverb Form (—ly)
Drop い → add く
たかい → たかく
(tall → tall-ly / highly)
Ex: たかくとぶ — “to fly high”
✔️ Full い‑Adjective Chart Example (たかい)
| Form | Japanese | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Present | たかい | tall / expensive |
| Negative | たかくない | not tall |
| Past | たかかった | was tall |
| Past Negative | たかくなかった | was not tall |
| Adverb | たかく | highly |
な‑Adjectives
These do NOT end in い (usually).
They behave more like nouns grammatically.
Examples:
- しずか (quiet)
- きれい (pretty/clean — exception! ends in い but is a な‑adjective)
- ゆうめい (famous)
When describing a noun:
しずかなへや — a quiet room
Conjugation Chart (な‑Adjectives)
Use だ / です patterns, like nouns.
1. Negative (not ~)
Root + じゃない
しずか → しずかじゃない
not quiet
2. Past
Root + だった
しずか → しずかだった
was quiet
3. Past Negative
Root + じゃなかった
しずか → しずかじゃなかった
was not quiet
4. Adverb Form
Add に
しずか → しずかに
quietly / peacefully
✔️ Full な‑Adjective Chart Example (しずか)
| Form | Japanese | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Present | しずかだ / しずかです | quiet |
| Negative | しずかじゃない | not quiet |
| Past | しずかだった | was quiet |
| Past Negative | しずかじゃなかった | was not quiet |
| Adverb | しずかに | quietly |
Key Differences (Super Simple)
| Type | Linking to Noun | Negative | Past | Adverb |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| い‑adjective | drop い + い noun (stays い) | くない | かった | く |
| な‑adjective | add な before nouns | じゃない | だった | に |
Helpful Patterns to Remember
✔️ If it ends in い, it’s usually an い‑adjective
Except words like:
- きれい
- ゆうめい
- きらい
- きらい
These are な‑adjectives.
